This article addresses the issues related to the problem of classification of mental disorders in psychiatry in the context of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. First, some background information is provided on the history of the classification of mental disorders and the evolution that DSM has had over time is shown. Secondly, the delimitation of the normal and the pathological in psychiatry is investigated through Canguilhem's medical-philosophical thought. Thirdly, the biopolitical management of psychic (...) sufferings is reflected in the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V and its increasing medicalization. Finally, an approach to the concepts of health and disease in Canguilhem is made as it incorporates existential and experiential variables absent in the DSM-V classifications and in the psychiatric diagnosis. (shrink)

This article aims to make a philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon of stress based on Heidegger’s thought. Firstly, I present a general review of the scientific concept of stress as well as the main theories about it. Secondly, the concept of stress in Heidegger’s thought is analyzed and I propose to understand it as a load or requests that are directed to the Dasein in its openness to the entities of the world. Finally, this shows that the approach to the (...) phenomenon of stress from Heidegger’s phenomenological-existential perspective allows us to overcome the causal and physiological explanations that do not consider stress as a fundamental way of being typical of human beings in so far as they are a Dasein. (shrink)

El avance de las biotecnologías, la ingeniería genética, y la biología sintética ha permitido alterar y modificar las capacidades de los seres humanos a voluntad. En este contexto, surge un debate entre transhumanistas y bioconservadores sobre si la mejora del ser humano a través de las biotecnologías es deseable o si la llamada naturaleza humana debe ser protegida como la base de derechos, valores, y preceptos morales. El siguiente artículo se ocupa de analizar el concepto de naturaleza humana, que está (...) en el centro de esta discusión, y se pregunta si es un criterio adecuado para extraer indicaciones morales para restringir las mejoras biotecnológicas en los seres humanos. (shrink)

En este artículo defendemos la existencia de un perspectivismo ontológico pluralista inherente a la filosofía de Baruch Spinoza. Indispensable para la constitución de esta noción es la relación establecida entre su teoría general de composición de los cuerpos y los conceptos de “afecto”, “inmanencia”, “potencia” y “multitud”. El objetivo de este análisis es una fundamentación interior del concepto de “puntos de vista”: es imposible pensarlo como una característica epistemológica de un individuo aislado, pero tampoco es posible unificarlo mediante el postulado (...) de una propiedad común. En consecuencia, el perspectivismo ontológico espinosista implica una teoría del punto de vista pluralista que elude los problemas planteados por la clausura del modelo Uno-Todo. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente trabajo investiga la forma en que las ciencias sociales, principalmente chilenas, están respondiendo a las dispares demandas que reciben actualmente y que consisten en aportar a la comprensión crítica de fenómenos relevantes para la sociedad y adecuarse a las recientes transformaciones en la forma de producir y comunicar conocimiento científico incorporando mayores niveles de internacionalización, globalización, especialización y complejización. Para ello se realiza una revisión sistemática de la producción científica publicada sobre el movimiento estudiantil chileno, que constituye (...) uno de los movimientos sociales más relevantes de la historia reciente de Chile. Se sistematizaron 149 publicaciones editadas entre el año 2000 y el 2016. Los resultados muestran que la capacidad de las ciencias sociales chilenas para abordar estas demandas contradictorias es parcial, pues sus análisis críticos tienden a ser uniformes y de alcance temporal limitado, mientras que sus estudios empíricos no siempre poseen los niveles de internacionalización y complejidad demandados actualmente para participar en los circuitos internacionales de publicación.: The present work investigates the way in which social sciences, mainly Chilean, are responding to different demands that they are currently receiving and that consist of contribute to the critical understanding of phenomena relevant to society and adapt to recent transformations in the way of producing and communicating scientific knowledge, incorporating higher levels of internationalization, globalization, specialization and complexity. To this end, a systematic review of the scientific production published on the Chilean student movement is made. This movement is one of the most relevant in Chile's recent history. 149 publications were systematized, published between 2000 and 2016. The results show that the capacity of the Chilean social sciences to deal with these contradictory demands is partial, since their critical analyzes tend to be uniforms and limited in time, while their empirical studies do not always have the levels of internationalization and complexity currently demanded in international publishing circuits. (shrink)

En este trabajo se presenta una explicación para el problema de las versiones abstractas de la tarea de selección de las cuatro tarjetas de Peter Wason: los discretos resultados de los participantes cuando se enfrentan a ellas. Nuestra explicación apunta a que los sujetos no comprenden la regla de la tarea como un condicional, sino como un bicondicional, provocando tal circunstancia que no elijan las tarjetas correctas. Santamaría planteó una objeción para todo enfoque que defienda que en la tarea de (...) selección se produce una interpretación bicondicional de la regla, pero nosotros también respondemos aquí a dicha objeción atendiendo a la primacía que en el razonamiento humano puede tener la regla lógica del modus ponens. Igualmente, exponemos un estudio, basado en diálogos de seminario tutoriales al modo socrático, realizado por nosotros con el propósito de comprobar si nuestra explicación puede ser viable y comentamos los resultados obtenidos. In this paper, we present an explanation for the problem of the abstract versions of Peter Wason’s four-card selection task: modest subjects’ results when they are confronted with these tasks. Our explanation poses that individuals do not comprehend the task rule as a conditional sentence, but as a biconditional one, causing that subjects do not choose the correct cards. Santamaría presented an objection for any approach that suggests a biconditional interpretation in the task selection. In this work, we discuss this objection based on the apparent primacy of a logical rule in human reasoning: modus ponens. Additionally, we present a study based on Socratic dialogue seminars with a tutorial style, developed by us, to check whether our explanation is viable or not, and discuss the results achieved. (shrink)

The use of traditional ethical methodologies is inadequate in addressing a constructed maternal–fetal rights conflict in a multicultural obstetrical setting. The use of caring ethics and a relational approach is better suited to address multicultural conceptualizations of autonomy and moral distress. The way power differentials, authoritative knowledge, and informed consent are intertwined in this dilemma will be illuminated by contrasting traditional bioethics and a caring ethics approach. Cultural safety is suggested as a way to develop a relational ontology. Using caring (...) ethics and a relational approach can alleviate moral distress in health-care providers, while promoting collaboration and trust between providers and their patients and ultimately decreasing reproductive disparities. This article examines how a relational approach can be applied to a cross-cultural reproductive dilemma. (shrink)

Since at least Hume and Kant, philosophers working on the nature of aesthetic judgment have generally agreed that common sense does not treat aesthetic judgments in the same way as typical expressions of subjective preferences—rather, it endows them with intersubjective validity, the property of being right or wrong regardless of disagreement. Moreover, this apparent intersubjective validity has been taken to constitute one of the main explananda for philosophical accounts of aesthetic judgment. But is it really the case that most people (...) spontaneously treat aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity? In this paper, we report the results of a cross‐cultural study with over 2,000 respondents spanning 19 countries. Despite significant geographical variations, these results suggest that most people do not treat their own aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories of aesthetic judgment and the purpose of aesthetics in general. (shrink)

Responding to recent concerns about the reliability of the published literature in psychology and other disciplines, we formed the X-Phi Replicability Project to estimate the reproducibility of experimental philosophy. Drawing on a representative sample of 40 x-phi studies published between 2003 and 2015, we enlisted 20 research teams across 8 countries to conduct a high-quality replication of each study in order to compare the results to the original published findings. We found that x-phi studies – as represented in our sample (...) – successfully replicated about 70% of the time. We discuss possible reasons for this relatively high replication rate in the field of experimental philosophy and offer suggestions for best research practices going forward. (shrink)

Este ensaio procura demonstrar no livro O Personagem Encalhado (2006), de Angela Lago (1945-2017) a ilustração como recurso atrativo e sedutor. Pela ilustração encenam-se a própria escrita em metáforas que recorrem ao livro para figurar a criação ficcional dentro da própria narrativa. Sob essa perspectiva, inserem-se representações e imagens da construção criativa do texto literário, como também se ilustram situações discursivas, metatextuais, paratextuais e que se inscrevem nas práticas de leitura, escrita e literatura infantojuvenil contemporânea.

Appendix 1 was incomplete in the initial online publication. The original article has been corrected.

v. 1. Introducción a la filosofía del derecho -- v. 2. Introducción a la ciencia del derecho.

Oxford Literary Review, Volume 43, Issue 1, Page v-v, July, 2021.

Diversos filósofos e matemáticos contemporâneos admitem que existe uma vertente da filosofia matemática denominada “Platonismo”, segundo a qual, em síntese, os entes matemáticos – números, pontos, retas, planos, _etc_. – são coisas que existem no mundo independentemente de nós. Na literatura especializada é recorrente a compreensão de que essa tese filosófica tem origem na teoria das formas de Platão. Entretanto, a assertiva de que os entes matemáticos existem em si mesmos não é encontrada na filosofia desse filósofo ateniense, observada a (...) passagem 509d, e seguintes, do seu diálogo _A_ _República._ Na verdade, segundo o pensamento matemático de Platão os entes matemáticos possuem um valor intermediário, como mostramos nas seções a seguir ao “reconstruirmos” o seu raciocínio da “linha dividida”, segundo os trechos da _República_: (1) _Livro V_: 477a-b, 477e, 478b, 478c, 478d; (2) _Livro VI_: 509d-e, 510a, 510b, 510c-d, 510e, 511a, 511 a-b, 511d, 511e; (3) _Livro VII_: 533 b-c, 534a. (shrink)

OLIVEIRA, Ibraim Vitor de. Arché e Telos. Niilismo filosófico e crise da linguagem em Fr. Nietzsche e M. Heidegger. PANASIEWICZ, Roberlei. A virada hermenêutica da teologia e o pluralismo religioso: um estudo sobre a contribuição da Teologia Hermenêutica de Claude Geffré à Teologia das Religiões. CALDEIRA, Rodrigo Coppe. O influxo ultramontano no Brasil e o pensamento de Plínio Corrêa de Oliveira. SILVA, Antônio Francisco da. Álvaro Negromonte: modernidade, religião e educação. Uma tentativa de aproximação entre o público e o (...) privado, na educação brasileira. (shrink)

RESUMOO artigo científico visa esclarecer a fundamentação kantiana da doutrina da incorporação do Bill of Rights. A Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos estendeu o Bill of Rights aos Estados. Neste trabalho pretendemos demonstrar a fundamentação kantiana na doutrina da incorporação do Bill of Rights, abordando a corrente filosófica do utilitarismo e do contratualismo. Em primeiro lugar, examinaremos o precedente da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) e em seguida analisaremos filosoficamente o precedente. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos (...) esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e descritiva, uma revisão de literaturas por meio de livros, revistas especializadas e periódicos.Palavras-Chave: Bill of Rights; Doutrina da Incorporação; Utilitarismo; Contratualismo; Imperativo categórico kantiano. ABSTRACTThe scientific article aims to clarify the Kantian foundation of the doctrine of incorporation of the Bill of Rights. The United States Supreme Court has extended the Bill of Rights to the states. In this paper we intend to demonstrate the Kantian grounding in the doctrine of incorporation of the Bill of Rights, addressing the philosophical current of utilitarianism and contractualism. First, we will examine the precedent of the United States Supreme Court Gideon v. Wainwright and then we will philosophically analyze the precedent. Regarding the methodological procedures this research is characterized as qualitative and descriptive, literature review through books.Keywords: Bill of rights; Doctrine of Incorporation; Utilitarianism; Contractualism; Kantian categorical imperative. (shrink)

El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el uso de las TIC y la neuroeducación en el aprendizaje de los alumnos. La investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo con diseño correlacional descriptivo de corte transversal mediante un cuestionario virtual. La población de estudio fueron 367 estudiantes de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Para la obtención de los resultados se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS v.25. El coeficiente de correlación de Spearman dio un valor de 0.754, revelando que existe una correlación moderada (...) positiva entre ambas variables TIC y neuroeducación. Conclusión: El 50% de docentes aplican gamificación para estimular la memoria visual. (shrink)

BackgroundThe use of dedicated training programs for improving decision-making (DM) in team sports players has grown in the last several years. Approaches such as imagery training, video-based training, or game-based drills are some of the interventions used in youth players in order to improve DM. However, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have been conducted to summarize the main evidence regarding the effects of these programs on the players and identify the magnitude of the effects compared to control groups.ObjectiveThis systematic review (...) (with meta-analysis) was conducted to assess the effects of training programs on the DM of youth team sports players.Data SourcesThe data sources utilized were PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science.Study eligibility criteriaThe criteria included the following: (i) youth (≤ 18 years old) team sports players with no restriction on sex or competitive level; (ii) players subjected to training programs to develop DM; (iii) control groups; (iv) pre–post outcomes related to tactical behavior, technical execution, reaction, and decision time; and (v) controlled trials.ResultsThe database search initially identified 2497 titles. From these, six articles were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed a significant beneficial effect of DM interventions on tactical behavior (ES = 1.12;p= 0.035;I2= 80.0%; Egger’s testp= 0.066), whereas no significant effect of DM interventions on technical execution was found (ES = 0.74;p= 0.180;I2= 69.1%; Egger’s testp= 0.873).ConclusionThe DM interventions were significantly effective in improving tactical behavior in youth team sports players independently from the number of sessions to which players were exposed. In addition, DM interventions were significantly effective in improving technical execution. However, the results should be carefully interpreted due to the heterogeneity of the articles’ overall methodological quality. Future DM interventions should consider using combined approaches that allow players to develop both tactical behavior and technical execution. (shrink)

Con este volumen de la serie Academia y Egresados, la Colección La Fuente ofrece una compilación de trabajos de profesores, colaboradores y egresados de la Maestría en Estética y Arte (MEyA) de la BUAP. Preparado especialmente para ser presentado en el V Encuentro de Egresados de la MEyA (junio de 2022), la diversidad temática de las aportaciones que incluye el libro (estética y teoría del arte; historia del arte e instituciones artísticas; arte, ciencia y tecnología) reproduce el espectro de áreas (...) que aborda el programa y evidencia la huella académica que la MEyA dejó en sus exalumnos, así como el crecimiento académico alcanzado por los mismos. (shrink)

In Baroque scholasticism the medieval semantic theory of connotation as a property of terms, originally elaborated by Ockham and others, received an ontological application or re-interpretation in the context of the theory of relations. The main proponent of this ontologized “doctrina de connotatis” seems to have been Suárez. Subsequently, this doctrine was severely criticised by the Jesuits Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza and Rodrigo de Arriaga, but also by the “princeps Scotistarum” Bartholomeo Mastri; whereas another Scotist, John Punch, adopted a (...) theory of relations close to this doctrine. The fates of the original semantic theory of connotation, the ontologized “doctrina de connotatis” and the broader context of the relevant discussions (especially the new res–modus ontology established around 1600) document the complexity of the history of scholastic ideas, irreducible to any simple paradigm (like that of the realism–nominalism strife). (shrink)

This paper explores the antecedents of intra-organizational social capital from a comprehensive perspective that integrates leadership as the main antecedent. To be precise, we propose that intra-organizational social capital is a direct consequence of an organizational ethical and community context to which leadership in the servant dimension plays a transcendental role. Indeed, since the seminal work of Greenleaf the servant leadership concept has been widespread among business academics and professionals for the value it brings to the organization not only in (...) ethical but also in excellence terms. Among the recent styles and theories on leadership up to date, servant leadership fits perfectly an organizational ethical context both at the organizational or group level, acting in addition as a main promoter of that context. Furthermore, servant leadership is linked to the cultivation of helpful, altruistic and servant attitudes among the employees which are useful elements in the generation of social capital inside the organization. A model then for understanding the causes of intra-organizational social capital with a focus on servant leadership is here elaborated from which conclusions and implications for Management will be delineated. (shrink)

Despite the centrality of the topic for the debate on sustainability, future generations have largely been ignored by business ethics. This neglect is in part due to the enormous philosophical challenges posed by the concepts of future generations and intergenerational duties. This article reviews some of these difficulties and defends that much clarity would be gained from making a distinction between future generations and the next generations. It also argues that the concept of next generations offers a better starting point (...) for business ethics to incorporate the topic in its research agenda. We then suggest four potential pathways to explore this territory. The four approaches build on the notion of organizations as communities with memory and vision, on the narrative shape of organizational life, on the affinity of stakeholders with the next generation, and on systems of indirect reciprocity. These first two approaches are connected to communitarian approaches to business ethics, and the last two engage in a dialog with contractarian views and stakeholder theory. The article ends with some implications for theory and practice. (shrink)

Queering Paradigms IVa: Insurgências queer ao Sul do equador, junto com o volume Queering Paradigms IV: South-North Dialogues on Queer Epistemologies, Embodiments and Activisms (Lewis et al. 2014), divulga de forma multilíngue pesquisas apresentadas no 4° Congresso Internacional Queering Paradigms (QP4), sediado no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Ambos os volumes compartilham o objetivo de analisar o status quo e os desafios para o futuro dos Estudos Queer a partir de uma perspectiva inter/multidisciplinar, concentrando-se sobre as relações entre os eixos Sul-Norte. (...) O presente livro oferece capítulos escritos em português e espanhol, línguas subalternas na academia global, visando a privilegiar vozes e conhecimentos do Sul. Os trabalhos reunidos neste volume insurgem contra a colonização epistemológica dos corpos que habitam o Sul global e apontam para os problemas que surgem quando a(s) Teoria(s) Queer do Norte são aplicadas sem adaptação a outros contextos. Além de violências epistemológicas, a falta de atenção ao que acontece ao sul do equador pode levar a uma paralização do debate queer. O convite que esses capítulos fazem é um desafio a olhar para onde não se costuma olhar e ouvir as vozes que não se costuma ouvir, de forma a devolver ao queer seu potencial de contestação. Queering Paradigms IVa: Insurgências queer ao Sul do equador, junto con el tomo Queering Paradigms IV: South-North Dialogues on Queer Epistemologies, Embodiments and Activisms (Lewis et al. 2014), difunde de forma multilingüe algunas de las investigaciones presentadas en el 4o Congreso Internacional Queering Paradigms (QP4), en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Ambos tomos comparten el objetivo de analizar el estado actual y los desafíos para el futuro de los Estudios Queer desde una perspectiva inter/multidisciplinaria, concentrándose sobre las relaciones entre el eje Sur-Norte. El presente libro ofrece capítulos escritos en portugués y español, lenguas subalternas en la academia global, con la pretensión de privilegiar voces y conocimientos del Sur. Los trabajos reunidos en este tomo se insurgen contra la colonización epistemológica de los cuerpos que habitan el Sur global y apuntan a los problemas que surgen cuando la(s) Teoría(s) Queer del Norte son aplicadas sin adaptación a otros contextos. Además de las violencias epistemológicas, la falta de atención a lo que acontece al sur del Ecuador puede llevar a una paralización del debate queer. La propuesta de estos capítulos es un desafío a mirar para dónde no se suele mirar y a escuchar las voces que no se suelen escuchar, para devolverle al queer su potencial de contestación. (shrink)